Greek writer and general. A pupil of Socrates. Led one of the greatiest military retreats in history in Cunaxa.

Combining the best of both worlds if you're familar with Digg and Squidoo. Bookmark your favorites, get traffic and a backlink to your own published works. It's fun and it's free.

Ancient inscriptions of Assyria, Persia and other surrounding people. Composed of wede-shaped or arrow-headed elements.

A small force of Spartans held up the superior numbers of Xerxes army at the coastal pass of Thermopylae. The Persians broke through and sacked Athinai. Meanwhile the main Greek forces benefited from the delay and won a great naval victory at Salamis (480) and a land battle at Plataea (479). Find out more about the battle and the Spartan King Leonidas who stood his ground knowing it would result in his defeat and the massacre of the brave 300 men he took on his suicide mission.

Greek thinker who developed the theory that the universe is made up of atoms.

The origin of the oblong pieces of paste-board used in card games is obscure, but they are certainly of very great antiquity, and probably came originally from Asia. They were known in Europe by the middle of the 14th Century, but their use did not become general for another 50 vears.

The earliest cards were probably painted by hand; and not made from wood-blocks before 1423. Tarots, probably the earliest type of card, which are still used in parts of Europe, had 78 cards to the pack, 4 suits of 14, with 4 court cards, and 22 emblematic cards, or trumps.

The earliest suits consisted of hearts, bells, leaves, and acorns; later swords, batons, cups, and money were used. French cards of the 15th Century, use modern suits, coeur, trefle (clubs), pique (spades), and carreau (diamonds).

The court cards in early packs were king, chevalier, and knave. Playing cards have been taxed in England since the reign of James I.

There are three types of louse or pediculus which may infest the human body, namely, the head, the body and the crab louse. The last is usually found in the pubic area, but may spread to other hairy parts of the body. Their presence cause itching and scratching with resulting sores which are apt to become pustular. Patches of eczema or dermatitis may also arise. Apart from this local skin disorder, the chief indictment against the louse is its danger as a disease carrier. Typhus, or "jail fever " as it was called for many years in this country, is definitely known to be transmitted by the louse, not only directly by its bite, but by its excrement also, if rubbed into an abrasion of the skin. Two other diseases can be transmitted by these insects—relapsing fever and trench fever. The latter caused an enormous amount of sickness amongst our armies during the first World War. The disease is intensely infective, it being possible for a person to become infected by receiving excremental dust on the eye membranes.

The germs of bubonic plague have been found in lice feeding on plague patients. Life History. The development of the louse is limited to two stages only (the egg and the adult) metamorphosis, then, being said to be incomplete. The egg, or nit, which is plainly visible, is attached by a cement-like substance, towards one end, to a hair of the head, body, or of the clothing. On the latter the most common sites are beneath the seams and at the neck and wrist-bands. Up to 260 eggs may be laid by one female at the rate of eight to twelve a day. With moderate warmth they hatch in from seven to ten days. The emerging adult is not full-grown for a further eleven days, during which it moults three times, and the female may commence to lay eggs the following day. The length of life is from three to five weeks— exceptionally it may attain to forty-five days—the insect feeding on blood, which it does twice daily.

The presence of lice can be easily detected, either by seeing the lice themselves or their nits affixed to hairs. The age of a nit on the head can be roughly estimated by its position on the hair if we remember that when laid it was affixed to the base of the hair. If then, the nit is some way along the hair, we can safely say that it is some days old and probably about to hatch if it has not already done so.

Citrus trees are native to China and South-east Asia, but they are now cultivated throughout warm temperate countries. They are small evergreens with glossy, dark-green, oval leaves and fragrant white flowers. Citrus fruits have thick outer skins and juicy pulp arranged in sections. They include lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruits and tangerines.

The founder of the Epicurean philosophy, which taught that Virtue should be followed because it leads to happiness.

Cakes, cookies, and pastries are among the most popular desserts. Rich and fancy or plain and simple, they are equally appropriate to an elaborate tea table or to a lunch box. Cakes and cookies have the same basic ingredients: sugar, shortening, eggs, liquid, flour, leavening (lightening ingredient), and flavoring. The proportions of these ingredients are varied to form thin or thick batter for cakes and soft or stiff dough for cookies.

Cakes typically are high, with a light delicate texture. Cookies are usually small and thin, ranging from crisp and tender to moist and chewy. Both cakes and cookies may be made in a variety of flavors and with fruits and nuts added. Because of their tenderness and moistness most cakes are eaten with a fork, while cookies are usually eaten with the fingers.

Pastry differs from cakes and cookies in being thin and flaky. Flour, shortening, salt, and liquid are combined to form a stiff dough, which is rolled thin and fitted into a pie pan for its most conventional use as pie crust. A richer pastry may be made by layering additional shortening between thin layers of the dough. The resulting puff pastry is so named because the layers separate and "puff" during baking.

Emperor was the title borne by the heads of the Roman State, and latter borrowed by many other monarchs.

Originally imperator was the title of a commanding general and of a magistrate, and the two offices were first combined by Julius Caesar, who was imperator of Rome and military affairs.

After Augustus, the first Roman Emperor, the title was borne by all his successors, and was taken by Charlemagne when he revived the Holy Roman Empire.

From 800 to 1806 it was borne by all monarchs of the Holy Roman Empire and had a special semi-monarchic, semi-ecclesiastical significance, since the Emperor and the Pope were closely associated. In 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was .dissolved and the title became common, being taken by Napoleon, the Habsburgs, the King of Prussia (after 1870), and the sovereigns of England as Emperors of India (1876-1947).

Tsar, Shah and Kaiser (derived from Latin name 'Caesar') all have the same meaning as Emperor.

Caesar has been bitterly attacked as a man of overwhelming ambition. It should, however, be borne in mind that since the beginning of his political career, and long before, the republican government had been hopelessly inadequate and utterly corrupt. The legislative measures proposed by Caesar in the short time at his disposal may not conform to our picture of an ideal state, but they do not suggest inhuman tyranny.

No political reputation could have come unsullied through republican Rome in the 1st century BC. No doubt whatsoever attaches to Caesar's transcendent genius as a soldier. In private life Caesar manifested those gifts which belong to a cultured gentleman. As an author Caesar was ranked by his contemporaries in the highest class. We possess no example of his celebrated eloquence; but the purity of his style, no less than his military genius are enshrined in the Commentaries, De Bella Gallico and De Bello Civili.

Augustus was the name given Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus when he became the first Roman emperor in 27 BC. The period of the Roman Republic ended, and the era of the Roman Empire began under Augustus.

A web-footed bird widely distributed over tropical latitudes and deriving its name from its great expanse of wing and forked tail, which seem to suggest the shape of a swift vessel. It feeds on flying fish mostly, being unable to dive.

When a woman becomes pregnant, her body undergoes enormous changes to cope with the new life developing within her and its eventual entry into the world. Childbirth can be a very stressful and frightening experience if you don't know what's in store.

During contact sports such as boxing, football, hockey, basketball, etc., a mouthguard made by a dentist which fits closely and allows normal speech and breathing should always be worn both while playing and training. It is cheap insurance.

About 10 species are found along Australian coasts, including the world's largest, weighing about 7 pounds. The only one of market vaule, however, is the rock oyster, which is cultivated on a large scale, especially in New South Wales. It has no equal for delicacy of flavor, and is renowned for its good keeping qualities, even during summer months.

Can there be only one? Or can both live in harmony? Which is better than the other? Which one best suits you? Find out here. We look at the differences, and what's the same. And who the eventual winner is.

Tagfoot combines the best features of some of the internets most popular sites. And they've done it with flair, finesse and a large portion of fun!.

Publius Aelius Hadrianus aka Hadrian (AD 76-138) was born at Italica in Hisania Baetica (modern Spain), where his family had lived for about 200 years. A relative of M. Ulpius Traianus (later the emperor Trajan), he was placed under his guardianship on the death of his father in 85. For the next six years Hadrian lived in Rome, returning to Spain at the age of 15 to join the army.

One of the greatest Roman emperors, who ruled from 117.

Summoned by Trajan to Rome in 93, he held various minor civil posts; then he went as tribune of the Second Legion at Aquincum in Lower Pannonia and remained there until 99, when he returned to Rome with Trajan. In the following year the empress Plotina arranged a marriage between him and Trajan's great-niece, Vibia Sabina. Hadrian's public career from this date until his accession was as follows: quaestor. 101; tribune of the plebs, 105; praetor. 106; distinguished himself in both Dacian campaigns, 101-02 and 105-07; legatus praetorius of Lower Pannonia, 107; legatus in the Parthian campaign, 113-117.

When Hadrian became emperor, Rome was faced with internal and external problems. There were insurrections in Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Mauretania, and the barbarians were invading what is now Bulgaria. The emperor believed that his government should not attempt to hold lands that could not be controlled. Therefore, he relinquished some of the territory on the outskirts of the empire. He concentrated on consolidating Roman power where possible. By reform and force he maintained imperial unity.

His reign was generally peaceful. He rejected Trajan's aggressive policies, ending a war with Parthia, a land beyond Rome's eastern frontiers. To avoid further wars, he returned Parthian territory that Rome had won adopted a defensive policy, which included the building of Hadrian's Wall in Britain to protect the Roman province against the barbarian tribes of Picts and Scots.

Hadrian was probably the most capable of the Roman emperors. His tours of inspection did much to unify the empire and allowed him to introduce many necessary administrative, financial and legal reforms. His magnificent buildings at Rome and Athens remain some of the chief glories of the Roman Empire.

This article covers the things to consider when buying a digital camera, a full review of a good mid-range DSLR camera (Nikon d80 and D90) and the variations between the entry-level to the full professional cameras in the range and a bit about sensor sizes and technology.

This lens provides information about how to properly clean a camera lens to avoid damage.

aking Digital Photos is easy and so is making those photos funny when you use these tools. Put faces in funny places; Make humorous posters; make your own spoof magazine covers. There is a growing supply of free Internet tools that is making photo fun both free and easy! Sure, with months of training and a couple hundred bucks you could do all this on your own in PhotoShop But PhotoShop is hard to learn and these tools all help to put the "F" in Foto Fun!

If one photo is fun and two photos is more fun than a photo collage of a ton of photos will be a blast! If you think so, then you probably want to make photo collages and there free web based photo collage making tools, free photo collage software to download and paid photo collage software for the ultimate in features and support.

This article is about digital film/slide scanners, a couple of scanner reviews, tips and advice about scanning, scanners and photoediting software.

Is scanned 35mm slide film still better than photographs from a good digital SLR or are the days of analogue photography completely over? I have included some examples of my photographs taken using slide and print film.